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© Copyright Information ©

US Copyright Office

DMCA exemptions in effect November, 2006

Copyright: What is Fair Use? (Powerpoint presentation for St. Mary's faculty workshop)

Guides to Making Copyright Decisions
OrganizationsInformation CentersTutorialsIndividual Publications/Websites


Copyright was established by the U.S. Constitution in order—

"To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries."

It is a complicated and multi-faceted area of the law which can be an important consideration in many different educational, scholarly, and even personal, endeavors. Different perspectives can emphasize different aspects of the law as well—that of the creator of a copyrighted work, a teacher using such a work in a class, a student quoting it in a research paper, someone viewing or listening to it on a computer, etc.

In addition, the broader term "intellectual property" is often used in conjunction with copyright. Intellectual property considerations include trademark and patent law as well as copyright, which cover—

  • literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other types of authored works (copyright)
  • words, phrases, symbols, or designs used to distinguish goods or services provided by a particular party (trademarks)
  • inventions and discoveries (patents)

The scope of this page is limited primarily to resources concerning copyright, although some of the sites linked below also provide information on intellectual property in general. This still makes for a large collection of links dealing with more subjects and situations than most people are concerned with at any one time. Within each of the sub-sections of the page listed above, the links are listed in alphabetical order.

Since many of the copyright questions that come up here on a college campus deal with fair use in an academic environment, a few particularly useful guides for educators and students needing to make these kinds of decisions are highlighted below. If more detailed information or assistance is required in some situations, you might want to consult the Tutorials linked below, in particular the UT system's Crash Course in Copyright.

Guides to Making Copyright Decisions

Copyright Advisory Network (American Library Association)
Copyright Decision Map (University of Minnesota Libraries)
Fair Use Checklist (Indiana University's Copyright Management Center)
Interactive Guide to Using Copyrighted Media in Your Courses (Baruch College, CUNY)

Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the U.S. (Cornell Copyright Center)
When U.S. Works Pass into the Public Domain
(University of North Carolina)

Organizations

U.S. Copyright Office Home Page
"Copyright Basics" is a comprehensive introduction and overview
"FAQ"-extensive list of general and specific questions and answers
Also useful: Current Legislation, Circulars and Brochures (in PDF, with some also text only)
WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)
Essential for keeping the global perspective.
Copyright Clearance Center
Search their database of registered works; permission to copy these works can be obtained instantly online
Under "Content Users"–"For Academic Use" you can find answers to basic questions dealing with everything from library reserves to distance education; however keep in mind that the site has the interests of copyright holders, rather than content users, as its primary focus.
IFRRO (International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organizations)
World-level equivalent of the CCC.
Music Library Association
Of particular interest: "Copyright for Music Librarians."
Copyright Society of the U.S.A.
Their "Copyright Kids" section has basic plain-language information.

Information Centers

These comprehensive sites typically include texts of important legislation, guidelines, reports and other publications; news of recent developments in the field; links to other organizations or information sources; and often also provide valuable explanatory publications.

Association for Research Libraries Copyright and Intellectual Property page
Bitlaw (technology law resources from Beck & Tysver law firm)
Center for Intellectual Property (Univ. of Maryland Univ. College)
©ollectanea: Collected Perspectives on Copyright (Univ. of Maryland Univ. College blog)
Copyown; a Resource on Copyright Ownership for the Higher Education Community (University of Maryland)
Copyright & Fair Use (Stanford University Library)
Copyright Law in Cyberspace (UT System)
Copyright Information and Education (University of Minnesota)
Copyright (American Library Association Washington Office)
Copyright Management Center
(Indiana Univ.)
Copyright Website (provided by Benedict O'Mahoney)
Current Copyright Readings (blog operated by Northwestern Univ. librarian includes postings of articles)
Digital Millennium Copyright Act DMCA (information page from the Electronic Frontier Foundataion with links to cases and resources)
Fair Use Network (NYU School of Law)
Guide to Intellectual Property Resources (University of Tulsa College of Law)
Intellectual Property and Copyright Forum (Boston College Law School)
Intellectual Property Mall and U.S. Patent, Trademark & Copyright Information (Franklin Pearce Law Center)
IP @ The National Academies
LibraryLaw blog, copyright section
ResearchCopyright.com
Researching Intellectual Property Law: Internet Resources (Univ. of Chicago Law Library)
TEACH (Technology, Education, and Copyright Harmonization Act ) Toolkit (North Carolina State Univ.)
UNESCO's Copyright page (international agreements and links to national laws and policies)

Tutorials

Other resources of this type may be found at some of the Information Centers listed above.

Crash Course in Copyright (developed by Georgia Harper of the UT System)
Cyberspace Law Seminar (web-based course taught by Laura Gasaway at the University of North Carolina)
Frequently Asked Questions about Copyright (from CENDI–the Commerce, Energy, NASA, Defense Information Managers Group)
Intellectual Property Law (another web course taught by Ms. Gasaway)
Interactive Guide to Using Copyrighted Media in Your Courses (from Baruch College, CUNY)

Individual Publications/Websites

Many other publications are available on the web sites listed above. (Thanks to Lee Unterborn of the Law Library, for letting me know about several of these sites.)

10 Big Myths about copyright explained (useful plain language explanations from Brad Templeton)
Copyright and Intellectual Property Policies (Association of Research Libraries)
Copyright Exemptions for Distance Education
(Congressional Research Service report on the TEACH Act)
Copyright Law
(comprehensive and clearly-written monograph from the U.S. Judicial Center)
Copyright Renewal Database (Stanford University)
Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the U.S. (Cornell Copyright Center)
Developing a Comprehensive Copyright Policy to Facilitate Online Learning (paper by Georgia Harper at UT)
Digital Citizen Project (Illinois State University)
Digital Dilemma: Intellectual Property in the Information Age (report of the National Academies)
Digital Millennium Copyright Act Study (U.S. Copyright Office)
Digital Preservation and Copyright
(Stanford Copyright and Fair Use)
E-Commerce and Copyright (WIPO)
Education in ©opyright Law (Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship)
Final Report on the Conclusion of the Conference on Fair Use (1998; PDF; report to Copyright Office)
Intellectual Property and Conflict of Commitment Policies: Comparison of Peer Institutional Policies (a draft report from MIT comparing the policies of the Univ. of Chicago, Columbia, Duke, Harvard and Stanford)
The Internet Debacle–an Alternative View (insightful article by Janis Ian)
Journal of Electronic Publishing review article "Who Owns What" (edited by Lorrie Lejeune)
Primary Sources on Copyright, 1450-1900 (digital archive)
Private Sector, Copyright 101: Not everything is "fair use" in copying all or part of protected works (Pittsburgh Post-Gazette)
Report on Copyright and Digital Distance Education. (1999 Copyright Office report; in PDF format)
Right to Read (a cautionary fable by Richard Stallman; reading for Cyberspace Law Seminar)
Unintended Consequences: 3 Years of the DMCA (Electronic Frontier Foundation)
What the Law Says about Copyright (Movie Licensing USA; regarding public showing of films)
When U.S. Works Pass into the Public Domain (University of North Carolina)
Who Owns Online Courses and Course Materials? Intellectual Property Policies for a New Learning Environment (National Center for Academic Transformation)


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